Isaiah, Chapters 9 through 12
Isaiah 9-12
Immanuel, Judgement, and Immanuel’s Rule
Chapter 9, Immanuel
V1-7
I. V1, 2 – V1 The Hebrew Bible has 9:1 as 8:23; but remember there were no such divisions in the ancient manuscripts. Zebulun and Naphtali had land north of Mount Caramel and west of the Sea of Galilee. Galilee of the Gentiles had a mixed population according to Shackleford (132). This is also the territory of Nazareth. God has held them in contempt, but glory is coming. V2 “walk” or “walk” and “dwelt” or “live” is in the same perfect tense in the Hebrew indicating the action was certain. John in Chapter 1:9 states,” the true Light which, coming into the world, enlightens every man” and then verse 12, “I am the Light of the world…”
II. V3 – The result of that light? Increased joy and rejoicing!
I. V1, 2 – V1 The Hebrew Bible has 9:1 as 8:23; but remember there were no such divisions in the ancient manuscripts. Zebulun and Naphtali had land north of Mount Caramel and west of the Sea of Galilee. Galilee of the Gentiles had a mixed population according to Shackleford (132). This is also the territory of Nazareth. God has held them in contempt, but glory is coming. V2 “walk” or “walk” and “dwelt” or “live” is in the same perfect tense in the Hebrew indicating the action was certain. John in Chapter 1:9 states,” the true Light which, coming into the world, enlightens every man” and then verse 12, “I am the Light of the world…”
II. V3 – The result of that light? Increased joy and rejoicing!
III. V4,5 – Two historical references here, Egyptian bondage and then the defeat of Midian (Judges 6-8).
IV. V6 – The declaration – In the Hebrew, what is important is listed first grammatically: “Child” and “son”. From the family of David but as we’ll see more important than David. Names of this Child? “Wonderful”, “Counselor” – the Old Testament frequently use “wonder” in association with God and the supernatural and extraordinary. “Mighty God” – this child will be God on earth in His power. “Everlasting” or “Eternal” “Father”, the fatherhood of God is frequently stated by Jesus in the New Testament, and it will never end. “Prince of Peace” – Shalom:
wholeness, soundness, health, well-being, the presence of God; the Child will be at the head, the source, of this peace. Christ, the Messiah, is the Child. There will be total majesty, total wisdom, total life, total protection, and total peace in Christ. John 14:27.
V. V7 – Recall in our previous lessons that God had searched for justice and righteousness in Jerusalem/Judah but found none. He found the opposite. In Christ, there is total justice, there is total righteousness. He was to be “... the final king, the king to end all kings”(Oswalt, 248). It is interesting, in Matt. 4:12-17, and this can’t be stressed enough, this paragraph is associated with Jesus’ earthly ministry, not an earthly physical reign.
IV. V6 – The declaration – In the Hebrew, what is important is listed first grammatically: “Child” and “son”. From the family of David but as we’ll see more important than David. Names of this Child? “Wonderful”, “Counselor” – the Old Testament frequently use “wonder” in association with God and the supernatural and extraordinary. “Mighty God” – this child will be God on earth in His power. “Everlasting” or “Eternal” “Father”, the fatherhood of God is frequently stated by Jesus in the New Testament, and it will never end. “Prince of Peace” – Shalom:
wholeness, soundness, health, well-being, the presence of God; the Child will be at the head, the source, of this peace. Christ, the Messiah, is the Child. There will be total majesty, total wisdom, total life, total protection, and total peace in Christ. John 14:27.
V. V7 – Recall in our previous lessons that God had searched for justice and righteousness in Jerusalem/Judah but found none. He found the opposite. In Christ, there is total justice, there is total righteousness. He was to be “... the final king, the king to end all kings”(Oswalt, 248). It is interesting, in Matt. 4:12-17, and this can’t be stressed enough, this paragraph is associated with Jesus’ earthly ministry, not an earthly physical reign.
V8-17
I. V8,9 – The northern kingdom is designated as Israel and Ephraim, also the inhabitants of Samaria. The charge? Prov.16:18
II. V10 – The didn’t understand the calamity before them, they thought they would just build back better when things were destroyed. III. V11,12 – Because of their arrogance and their pride God will surround them with enemies. There would be nowhere to run. Did they learn? Did they repent? No, they did not. “His hand is still stretched out”. We know that God accepts repentance: Acts 3:19
IV. V13 – Motyer (108) stated,” The only way to flee from God is to flee to Him, to turn to Him.” The “People” and “Lord of Hosts” is emphatic in the Hebrew.
V. V14,15 – From top to bottom, the people will be cut off. This could reference the destruction of Samaria in 722 BC or the Death of Jeroboam in 746 BC. The latter is a possibility because the northern kingdom descended into chaos after his death: no leadership.
VI. V16 – If the leaders are false, it doesn’t matter if it’s a nation or a church (our most conservative application here would be the church), that nation or church may never rise above it. Leadership matters.
VII. V17 – The result of bad leadership? Eventually every one can be infected. In mass, there was nothing but wickedness.
I. V8,9 – The northern kingdom is designated as Israel and Ephraim, also the inhabitants of Samaria. The charge? Prov.16:18
II. V10 – The didn’t understand the calamity before them, they thought they would just build back better when things were destroyed. III. V11,12 – Because of their arrogance and their pride God will surround them with enemies. There would be nowhere to run. Did they learn? Did they repent? No, they did not. “His hand is still stretched out”. We know that God accepts repentance: Acts 3:19
IV. V13 – Motyer (108) stated,” The only way to flee from God is to flee to Him, to turn to Him.” The “People” and “Lord of Hosts” is emphatic in the Hebrew.
V. V14,15 – From top to bottom, the people will be cut off. This could reference the destruction of Samaria in 722 BC or the Death of Jeroboam in 746 BC. The latter is a possibility because the northern kingdom descended into chaos after his death: no leadership.
VI. V16 – If the leaders are false, it doesn’t matter if it’s a nation or a church (our most conservative application here would be the church), that nation or church may never rise above it. Leadership matters.
VII. V17 – The result of bad leadership? Eventually every one can be infected. In mass, there was nothing but wickedness.
V18-21
I. V18 – Like a bad apple, wickedness infects everything it touches, in some negative way. Fire will consume everything in its path until it is stopped. The same is said here of wickedness.
II. V19,20 – “Wrath” or “Fury” are very strong words. An awful consequence of sin is that it is easier to sin more and more. It brings destruction on us that can be very harmful if not fatal. They are consuming and cannot get enough. Sin will destroy even the closest relations.
III. V21 – It is almost like they were practicing cannibalism; everyone is turning on the other: Gal. 5:15
I. V18 – Like a bad apple, wickedness infects everything it touches, in some negative way. Fire will consume everything in its path until it is stopped. The same is said here of wickedness.
II. V19,20 – “Wrath” or “Fury” are very strong words. An awful consequence of sin is that it is easier to sin more and more. It brings destruction on us that can be very harmful if not fatal. They are consuming and cannot get enough. Sin will destroy even the closest relations.
III. V21 – It is almost like they were practicing cannibalism; everyone is turning on the other: Gal. 5:15
Questions
1. In verse 2, what have the ones that walked in darkness seen?
2. In verse 6, who is this Child and Son?
3. How long will this Child reign?
1. In verse 2, what have the ones that walked in darkness seen?
2. In verse 6, who is this Child and Son?
3. How long will this Child reign?
Chapter 10, Judgement
V1-4 (These verses logically tie to chapter 9)
I. V1 – Lawmakers and administrators are called out, denounced by God. II. V2 - Those who are less fortunate are again listed in God’s charge against the nation. The northern tribe was accused of the same thing in Amos 2:6-8; 4:1; 5:11; 8:6
III. V3 – “punishment” visitation, the very idea of intervention by a superior power to bring about great change. They would not be able to purchase relief.
IV. V4 – They would be totally helpless, and God will still stretch out His hand.
I. V1 – Lawmakers and administrators are called out, denounced by God. II. V2 - Those who are less fortunate are again listed in God’s charge against the nation. The northern tribe was accused of the same thing in Amos 2:6-8; 4:1; 5:11; 8:6
III. V3 – “punishment” visitation, the very idea of intervention by a superior power to bring about great change. They would not be able to purchase relief.
IV. V4 – They would be totally helpless, and God will still stretch out His hand.
V5-11
I. V5 - Assyria is the instrument of God, and an instrument only. Remember that Judah, Israel knew better. They had the revealed law. Assyria did not have that; however, they did have Jonah. Assyria may be blessed for a time.
II. V6 – Divine authority was given to this pagan nation to discipline God’s people.
III. V7,8 – A strong boast by the Assyrians. The arrogance and pride will not please God. It is interesting to note that every nation that refuses to bow to the rule of God, they perish. Every. Single. Time.
IV. V9 – Cities conquered by the Assyrians are named: Calno, 738 BC; Carchemish, 717 BC; Hamath, 720 BC; Arpad, 740 and 720 BC; Samaria, 722; Damascus, 732 BC.
V. V10 – The Assyrian Empire has a problem: idolatry. Military might did not conquer these cities and these peoples. God used them. They had forgotten Jonah. Assyria took good notes, we can be assured that Jonah was written somewhere…
I. V5 - Assyria is the instrument of God, and an instrument only. Remember that Judah, Israel knew better. They had the revealed law. Assyria did not have that; however, they did have Jonah. Assyria may be blessed for a time.
II. V6 – Divine authority was given to this pagan nation to discipline God’s people.
III. V7,8 – A strong boast by the Assyrians. The arrogance and pride will not please God. It is interesting to note that every nation that refuses to bow to the rule of God, they perish. Every. Single. Time.
IV. V9 – Cities conquered by the Assyrians are named: Calno, 738 BC; Carchemish, 717 BC; Hamath, 720 BC; Arpad, 740 and 720 BC; Samaria, 722; Damascus, 732 BC.
V. V10 – The Assyrian Empire has a problem: idolatry. Military might did not conquer these cities and these peoples. God used them. They had forgotten Jonah. Assyria took good notes, we can be assured that Jonah was written somewhere…
V12-19
I. V12-14 – When the Lord was done punishing His people, Assyria would be dealt with. The king of Assyria had an “I” problem. We see the same of the rich young ruler in Luke 12:16-19.
II. V15 – An instrument is useless until it is used. It is an inanimate object. That object must be used to good or to do evil. God used Assyria to produce a repentance response. This wasn’t their might. This wasn’t their glory.
III. V16 – The destruction of Assyria is partially depicted in Isaiah 37:36-38. The battle belongs to the Lord. Remember good king Hezekiah: 2 Kings 19: 35-37. In one night, the angel of the Lord slew 185,000 in the camp of the Assyrians.
IV. V17-19 – Nineveh finally fell in 612 BC. We think that Daniel was taken captive around 608 – 604 BC. By whom? The Babylonians.
I. V12-14 – When the Lord was done punishing His people, Assyria would be dealt with. The king of Assyria had an “I” problem. We see the same of the rich young ruler in Luke 12:16-19.
II. V15 – An instrument is useless until it is used. It is an inanimate object. That object must be used to good or to do evil. God used Assyria to produce a repentance response. This wasn’t their might. This wasn’t their glory.
III. V16 – The destruction of Assyria is partially depicted in Isaiah 37:36-38. The battle belongs to the Lord. Remember good king Hezekiah: 2 Kings 19: 35-37. In one night, the angel of the Lord slew 185,000 in the camp of the Assyrians.
IV. V17-19 – Nineveh finally fell in 612 BC. We think that Daniel was taken captive around 608 – 604 BC. By whom? The Babylonians.
V20-23
I. The remnant. It was God’s promise. It IS God’s promise. The remnant would lean upon the Holy One of Israel. They would recognize the nature of God, fearing Him and trusting Him.
I. The remnant. It was God’s promise. It IS God’s promise. The remnant would lean upon the Holy One of Israel. They would recognize the nature of God, fearing Him and trusting Him.
V24-27
I. V24 – Those in God’s care have no reason to fear any human enemy. Romans 8:28-39.
II. V25 – “little while” turns out to be 30 years. It seems long, but since 4000 BC, 30 years is a blink of an eye.
III. V26-27 – Just as the deliverance from Egypt was certain, His deliverance of the remnant is certain.
I. V24 – Those in God’s care have no reason to fear any human enemy. Romans 8:28-39.
II. V25 – “little while” turns out to be 30 years. It seems long, but since 4000 BC, 30 years is a blink of an eye.
III. V26-27 – Just as the deliverance from Egypt was certain, His deliverance of the remnant is certain.
V28-32
I. This hill country was allotted to the tribe of Benjamin. Some associated with king Saul, some with the descendants of Aaron: 1 Sam. 14:2; 22:19; 1 Chron. 6:57. Marching through the hills was unusual; “approaching from the west would have been an easier route to travel” (Shackleford, 152).
I. This hill country was allotted to the tribe of Benjamin. Some associated with king Saul, some with the descendants of Aaron: 1 Sam. 14:2; 22:19; 1 Chron. 6:57. Marching through the hills was unusual; “approaching from the west would have been an easier route to travel” (Shackleford, 152).
V33-34
I. “The Assyrians were sovereign until they met The Sovereign” (Motyer, 120). As one might cut down a tree, the Lord cuts down nations.
I. “The Assyrians were sovereign until they met The Sovereign” (Motyer, 120). As one might cut down a tree, the Lord cuts down nations.
Questions
4. How does the Lord feel about those who practice injustice?
5. Will Assyria also be judged?
6. When do we have recorded that Assyria began to see that judgment? 7. What promise did God give to the remnant?
4. How does the Lord feel about those who practice injustice?
5. Will Assyria also be judged?
6. When do we have recorded that Assyria began to see that judgment? 7. What promise did God give to the remnant?
Chapter 11, Immanuel’s Rule – A prophecy of Hope
V1-9
I. V1 – “rod” or “shoot” from the trunk or stock of Jesse. Isaiah goes back further from David here. David was a “type” of Christ. Here we have another David: one that is perfect - A ruler that rules with no other ruler – the Messiah.
II. V2 – “The Spirit of the Lord shall/will rest on Him” – found four times in Isaiah, “The Spirit” mentioned eight times. This is a reference to the Spirit descending on Jesus at His baptism – Matt. 3:16; Mark 1:10; Luke 3:22; John 1:32. There is only one that would have a perfect relationship with the Father and be the discerner of hearts: John 2:23-4:42.
III. V3 – He will have joy in His reverence for God.
IV. V4 – Justice and comfort for the ones who are less fortunate: the wicked shall be judged. Romans 14:10,12
V. V5 – The Messiah will be of perfect integrity in every situation. VI. V6-8 – The animals we see listed are predator/prey, but with Christ all shall be welcomed. All will see each other for who they are. All will be at peace. VII. V9 – Remember, to know God is to have a close relationship with Him. V10-16
I. V1 – “rod” or “shoot” from the trunk or stock of Jesse. Isaiah goes back further from David here. David was a “type” of Christ. Here we have another David: one that is perfect - A ruler that rules with no other ruler – the Messiah.
II. V2 – “The Spirit of the Lord shall/will rest on Him” – found four times in Isaiah, “The Spirit” mentioned eight times. This is a reference to the Spirit descending on Jesus at His baptism – Matt. 3:16; Mark 1:10; Luke 3:22; John 1:32. There is only one that would have a perfect relationship with the Father and be the discerner of hearts: John 2:23-4:42.
III. V3 – He will have joy in His reverence for God.
IV. V4 – Justice and comfort for the ones who are less fortunate: the wicked shall be judged. Romans 14:10,12
V. V5 – The Messiah will be of perfect integrity in every situation. VI. V6-8 – The animals we see listed are predator/prey, but with Christ all shall be welcomed. All will see each other for who they are. All will be at peace. VII. V9 – Remember, to know God is to have a close relationship with Him. V10-16
I. V10 – Christ will stand for and with all people. They/We can always look to Him.
II. V11,12 – Signal and standard or banner are the same Hebrew words. Israel went into captivity around 722 BC, Judah in 587 (586) BC (complete), but the remnant will return. The first deliverance Isaiah is speaking of may be the return of the remnant or the return from Egypt. The second time would be when the Messiah comes and saves not only those who believe in Him that are in Israel, but all nations. John 4: 19-26
III. V13-16 – No fighting, no thinking one is better than the other, only Christ, only spiritual warfare. Only in the Messiah are we reconciled with each other and with God.
II. V11,12 – Signal and standard or banner are the same Hebrew words. Israel went into captivity around 722 BC, Judah in 587 (586) BC (complete), but the remnant will return. The first deliverance Isaiah is speaking of may be the return of the remnant or the return from Egypt. The second time would be when the Messiah comes and saves not only those who believe in Him that are in Israel, but all nations. John 4: 19-26
III. V13-16 – No fighting, no thinking one is better than the other, only Christ, only spiritual warfare. Only in the Messiah are we reconciled with each other and with God.
Questions
8. How will the Messiah judge the poor and meek?
9. Whose roots will the Branch grow out of?
10. Will there be a way for the remnant to return?
Chapter 12
V1 – “In (on) that day” has a different tone here. It is a day for rejoicing. Giving thanks and rejoicing is a natural response to one who has been saved and has received forgiveness.
V2 – God does not just provide salvation, He IS salvation. When we are saved, we show trust, we are not afraid, and we recognize where our strength comes from.
V3 – In an arid land, water can appear to be salvation. The Living Water is always available to those who joyously seek Him. In Jesus’ time, the Jews chanted this verse marching to the pool of Siloam during the Feast of Tabernacles.
V4 – Psalm 105. God must be proclaimed. It has always been the duty of God’s people. His name must be exalted.
V5 – Part of preaching the gospel, is proclaiming the wonderful things God has done. It must be in all that we teach.
V6 – The divine nature “the Holy One of Israel” must be proclaimed. Here is the Gospel being taught in Isaiah.
8. How will the Messiah judge the poor and meek?
9. Whose roots will the Branch grow out of?
10. Will there be a way for the remnant to return?
Chapter 12
V1 – “In (on) that day” has a different tone here. It is a day for rejoicing. Giving thanks and rejoicing is a natural response to one who has been saved and has received forgiveness.
V2 – God does not just provide salvation, He IS salvation. When we are saved, we show trust, we are not afraid, and we recognize where our strength comes from.
V3 – In an arid land, water can appear to be salvation. The Living Water is always available to those who joyously seek Him. In Jesus’ time, the Jews chanted this verse marching to the pool of Siloam during the Feast of Tabernacles.
V4 – Psalm 105. God must be proclaimed. It has always been the duty of God’s people. His name must be exalted.
V5 – Part of preaching the gospel, is proclaiming the wonderful things God has done. It must be in all that we teach.
V6 – The divine nature “the Holy One of Israel” must be proclaimed. Here is the Gospel being taught in Isaiah.
Questions
11.When we are saved, what should our emotion be?
12.When we are saved what should we give to God?
13. When we are saved what should we proclaim?
11.When we are saved, what should our emotion be?
12.When we are saved what should we give to God?
13. When we are saved what should we proclaim?
Comments
Post a Comment